What term is used for soils that significantly increase in volume when they become wet?

The term "potential expansive soils" refers to soils that have the capacity to significantly increase in volume when they become wet. This phenomenon occurs primarily in clay-rich soils that contain specific minerals, such as montmorillonite. When these soils absorb water, they undergo a physical change in structure, causing them to swell. This can lead to various engineering challenges, such as damage to buildings and infrastructure, as the swelling can exert pressure on foundations and other structures.

Understanding this term is crucial for construction and geological studies, particularly in regions where such soils are prevalent. Appropriate engineering measures and design considerations must be implemented to mitigate the risks associated with building on or near expansive soils. This knowledge is essential for civil engineers, architects, and builders to ensure safety and structural integrity in their projects.