How deep should the bottom of any concrete footing be below finished grade?

The requirement for the depth of concrete footings below finished grade is primarily influenced by factors such as frost line depth, soil stability, and building codes. A depth of 12 inches is often considered a minimum standard in many areas because it helps to ensure that the footing is below the frost line, which can vary by region. This depth helps to prevent the effects of frost heave, where the soil expands and contracts with temperature fluctuations, potentially damaging the foundation.

Additionally, setting the footing at this depth aids in achieving more stable ground conditions, as it places the concrete beneath the layer of disturbed soil on the surface. Below this depth, soil compaction is typically more favorable for supporting the structure above. Therefore, establishing footings at a depth of 12 inches is a common practice to ensure a solid and durable foundation for masonry and other construction projects.